Background Neuronal networks in the brain include glutamatergic principal neurons and
GABAergic interneurons (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid). The latter may be a minority cell type …

The nature of consciousness, the mechanism by which it occurs in the brain, and its ultimate
place in the universe are unknown. We proposed in the mid 1990's that consciousness …

The basal ganglia are a chain of subcortical nuclei that facilitate action selection. Two striatal
projection systems—so-called direct and indirect pathways—form the functional backbone of …

Newly generated excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex lack sufficient AMPA-type
glutamate receptors to mediate neurotransmission, resulting in functionally silent synapses …

For years we have known that cortical neurons collectively have synchronous or oscillatory
patterns of activity, the frequencies and temporal dynamics of which are associated with …

One of the central questions in neuroscience is how particular tasks, or computations, are
implemented by neural networks to generate behavior. The prevailing view has been that …

Dendrites have always fascinated researchers: from the artistic drawings by Ramon y Cajal
to the beautiful recordings of today, neuroscientists have been striving to unravel the …

The pyramidal neuron is the principal cell type in the mammalian forebrain, but its function
remains poorly understood. Using a detailed compartmental model of a hippocampal CA1 …

Learning induces the formation of new excitatory synapses in the form of dendritic spines,
but their functional properties remain unknown. Here, using longitudinal in vivo two-photon …

The thin basal and oblique dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons receive most of the
synaptic inputs from other cells, but their integrative properties remain uncertain. Previous …