Background The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to
health and disease. The gut microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental …

Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial
pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence …

Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal
microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus is the most frequently isolated microorganism from …

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers forming
capsules or slimy coating around the cells. EPS can be secreted by various bacterial genera …

In the 21st century, compressive health and functional foods are advocated by increasingly
more people in order to eliminate sub-health conditions. Probiotics and postbiotics have …

The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently
received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase the …

Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation,
which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can be regarded as an umbrella …

Nowadays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. However, the safety profile with the use
of live probiotics is still a matter of debate. Main risks include: Cases of systemic infections …

Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics for both human and animals. The
emerging concern regarding safety problems associated with live microbial cells is …

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of
microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions …