Surround modulation (SM) is a fundamental property of sensory neurons in many species
and sensory modalities. SM is the ability of stimuli in the surround of a neuron's receptive …

A central question in visual neuroscience is what circuits generate the responses of neurons
in the primary visual cortex (V1). V1 neurons respond best to oriented stimuli of optimal size …

Neuroscience has focused on the detailed implementation of computation, studying neural
codes, dynamics and circuits. In machine learning, however, artificial neural networks tend …

Sensory information travels along feedforward connections through a hierarchy of cortical
areas, which, in turn, send feedback connections to lower-order areas. Feedback has been …

In what regime does the cortical circuit operate? Our intracellular studies of surround
suppression in cat primary visual cortex (V1) provide strong evidence on this question …

The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain essentially
unknown. The GABA hypothesis proposes that reduced neuronal GABA concentration and …

No sensory stimulus is an island unto itself; rather, it can only properly be interpreted in light
of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. This can result in entertaining illusions and …

The frontal eye field (FEF) is one of several cortical regions thought to modulate sensory
inputs. Moreover, several hypotheses suggest that the FEF can only modulate early visual …

A simple variation of the standard biased competition model is shown, via some trivial
mathematical manipulations, to be identical to predictive coding. Specifically, it is shown that …

We report the results of extracellular single‐unit recording experiments where we
quantitatively analyzed the receptive‐field (RF) properties of neurons in V1 and an adjacent …