The electric excitability of muscle, heart, and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of
Na+-and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic …

Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has
become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many …

Information is carried between brain regions through neurotransmitter release from axonal
presynaptic terminals. Understanding the functional roles of defined neuronal projection …

Abstract Information is transmitted between brain regions through the release of
neurotransmitters from long-range projecting axons. Understanding how the activity of such …

Marking functionally distinct neuronal ensembles with high spatiotemporal resolution is a
key challenge in systems neuroscience. We recently introduced CaMPARI, an engineered …

Channelrhodopsins are light-activated ion channels that mediate cation permeation across
cell membranes upon light absorption. Red-light-activated channelrhodopsins are of …

Glutamatergic synapses display a rich repertoire of plasticity mechanisms on many different
time scales, involving dynamic changes in the efficacy of transmitter release as well as …

In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a small subset of dendritic spines contain endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). In large spines, ER frequently forms a spine apparatus, while smaller spines …

Mice display signs of fear when neurons that express cFos during fear conditioning are
artificially reactivated. This finding gave rise to the notion that cFos marks neurons that …

The complex morphology of neurons poses a challenge for proteostasis because the
majority of lysosomal degradation machinery is present in the cell soma. In recent years …