Materials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length
scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular …

Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying
nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless …

The development of three-dimensional (3D) synthetic biomaterials as structural and
bioactive scaffolds is central to fields ranging from cellular biophysics to regenerative …

Implanting electrical devices in the nervous system to treat neural diseases is becoming very
common. The success of these brain–machine interfaces depends on the electrodes that …

Cells in vivo are situated in a complicated microenvironment composed of diverse
biochemical and biophysical cues. To regulate biological functions of cells, tissues and …

Traditional neuronal interfaces utilize metallic electrodes which in recent years have
reached a plateau in terms of the ability to provide safe stimulation at high resolution or …

Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers have long been investigated for applications in
composite structural materials, semiconductor devices, and sensors. With the recent well …

Biological scaffolds with tunable electrical and mechanical properties are of great interest in
many different fields, such as regenerative medicine, biorobotics and biosensing. In this …

Carbon nanotube (CNT) coatings have been demonstrated over the past several years as a
promising material for neuronal interfacing applications. In particular, in the realm of …

Carbon nanofibers are high-aspect ratio graphitic materials that have been investigated for
numerous applications due to their unique physical properties such as high strength, low …