Liver phantoms have been developed as an alternative to human tissue and have been
used for different purposes. In this article, the items used for liver phantoms fabrication are …

The wall-less flow phantoms with recognized acoustic features (attenuation and speed of
sound), interior properties, and dimensions of tissue were prepared, calibrated, and …

Efforts have been made over the last five decades to create effective ultrasonic contrast
media (UCM) for cardiac and noncardiac applications. The initial UCM was established in …

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are implantable turbomachines that save and improve the
lives of patients with severe heart failure. In the preclinical evaluation, a VAD design must be …

In this review, the ultrasound (US) artifacts features such as propagation path, velocity,
attenuation, multiple echoes, and resolution are explained. The main restrictions of an axial …

A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow
through the vessels. Presently, few flow phantoms are being used to be qualified for long …

Doppler ultrasound imaging system description and calibration need blood-mimicking fluids
(BMFs) for the test target of medical ultrasound diagnostic tools, with known interior features …

Diagnostic ultrasound or sonography is an image that can provide valuable information for
diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions. The aim of this research study …

Doppler imaging ultrasound characterization and standardization requires blood that is
called blood mimicking fluid for the exam. With recognized internal properties, acoustic and …

Ultrasound imaging systems need tissue-mimicking phantoms with a good range of acoustic
properties. Many studies on carotid artery phantoms have been carried out using ultrasound; …