Purpose: This study aims to generate empirical insights into the extent to which ChatGPT, a
highly capable AI chatbot building on OpenAI's GPT family, is perceived and leveraged by …

This paper examines how Chinese university students negotiate their second language (L2)
motivational dynamics, including their ideal and ought-to L2 selves, to participate in informal …

Due to the rapid advancement of technology and its impact on English learning outside of
the classroom, Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) has grown in popularity among …

Digital academic reading tools on computers bring multiple benefits to higher-education
students. Through structural equation modeling methods, this study contributes to the …

Utilizing a structural equation modeling approach, this article aims to examine the dynamics
between Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) and Intercultural Competence (ICC) …

In light of findings from research on informal foreign/second language (L2) learning, with a
focus on English as a target language and using the concept of extramural English (EE), this …

While research on informal digital learning of English (IDLE) has proliferated recently, there
still exists a noticeable gap in factors that influence language teachers' attitudes and …

Abstract Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is associated with willingness to
communicate in a second language (L2 WTC). Although affective mediators (eg enjoyment …

This explanatory mixed-method study seeks to understand the relationships between
second language (L2) motivation (including the ideal L2 self and the ought-to L2 self) and …

Focusing on how a world of possibilities is opened up by language learners themselves,
imagination has been regarded as an elusive but indispensable element in second …