Rodents are the most species-rich order within Mammalia and have evolved disparate
morphologies to accommodate numerous locomotor niches, providing an excellent …

Objectives This study compares humeral diaphyseal robusticity and asymmetry between
Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Alaska with the goal of reconstructing habitual activity …

Objectives This study investigates patterns of bone functional adaptations in extant apes
through comparing hindlimb to forelimb bone rigidity ratios in groups with varying levels of …

Objectives Morphological variation along the human limb reflects complex structural trade‐
offs between bone strength and mass. Here we assess how varying levels of plasticity and …

The systemic robusticity hypothesis links the thickness of cortical bone in both the cranium
and limb bones. This hypothesis posits that thick cortical bone is in part a systemic response …

Objectives Many primates change their locomotor behavior as they mature from infancy to
adulthood. Here we investigate how long bone cross‐sectional geometry in Pan, Gorilla …

Objectives Aims of the study are to initially describe and comparatively evaluate the
morphology of the new Zhaoguo M1 upper limb remains, and contextualize upper limb …

A∼ 1.52 Ma adult upper limb skeleton of Paranthropus boisei (KNM-ER 47000) recovered
from the Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya (FwJj14E, Area 1A) includes most of the distal half of …

When measured as a ratio of mean midshaft diameter to bone length, the OH 8 fossil
hominin foot exhibits a metatarsal (Mt) robusticity pattern of 1> 5> 3> 4> 2, which differs from …

Objectives In comparative analyses of hominine hind limb diaphyseal structure, homologous
cross sections are located according to half bone length (midshaft). Here, we address three …