Small-angle scattering (SAS) is a technique that is able to probe the structural organization
of matter and quantify its response to changes in external conditions. X-ray and neutron …

This paper reviews the state of the field of nanotechnology in concrete. Definitions of
nanotechnology, including nanoscience and nano-engineering in concrete, are provided …

Due to the shortage of fresh water and river sand, many countries use seawater and sea
sand as substitutes for concrete pouring to promote the sustainable development of the …

Strength and other mechanical properties of cement and concrete rely upon the formation of
calcium–silicate–hydrates (C–S–H) during cement hydration. Controlling structure and …

The main reaction product in Ca-rich alkali-activated cements and hybrid Portland cement
(PC)-based materials is a calcium (alkali) aluminosilicate hydrate (C-(N-) ASH) gel …

The nanometer-scale structure of cement paste, which is dominated by the colloidal-scale
porosity within the CSH gel phase, has a controlling effect on concrete properties but is …

Progress in microstructural characterization methods is summarized. Special attention is
given to advanced probes, such as X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, 1 H NMR relaxometry …

The specific surface areas of sealed-cured hardened cement pastes (HCP) were evaluated
during the hydration process using three types of Portland cement and with two different …

A modified non-contact electrical resistivity measurement is proposed to determine porosity
and pore network connectivity of cement-based materials. The porosity of mortar with …

Cement-based materials have complex multi-component, multiscale structures that first form
through chemical reaction and then continue to change with time. As with most classes of …