Personalized medicine tailors therapies, disease prevention, and health maintenance to the
individual, with pharmacogenomics serving as a key tool to improve outcomes and prevent …

Omics-based technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the coding potential of
the genome. In particular, these studies revealed widespread unannotated open reading …

Small open reading frames (sORFs) can encode functional" microproteins" that perform
crucial biological tasks. However, their size makes them less amenable to genomic analysis …

Modern genome-scale methods that identify new genes, such as proteogenomics and
ribosome profiling, have revealed, to the surprise of many, that overlap in genes, open …

Background Human skeletal muscle is composed of three major fiber types, referred to as
type 1, 2A, and 2X fibers. This heterogeneous cellular composition complicates the …

Abstract Ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) has proven transformative for our understanding of
the human genome and proteome by illuminating thousands of noncanonical sites of …

Proteomes are complex—much more so than genomes or transcriptomes. Thus, simplifying
their analysis does not simplify the issue. Proteomes are of proteoforms, not canonical …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly expanded the size of the
known transcriptome. Many newly discovered transcripts are classified as long noncoding …

Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have
revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (< 100 amino acids) originating from short …

Malignant tumors remain a primary cause of human mortality. Among the various treatment
modalities for neoplasms, tumor vaccines have consistently shown efficacy and promising …