Protein synthesis is an energetically costly cellular activity. It is therefore important that the
process of mRNA translation remains in excellent synchrony with cellular metabolism and its …

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) in bacteria occurs in the steps of initiation,
elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. The initiation step comprises multiple …

Lamotrigine (Ltg), an anticonvulsant drug, targets initiation factor 2 (IF2), compromises
ribosome biogenesis and causes toxicity to Escherichia coli. However, our understanding of …

Ribosome biogenesis, a complex multistep process, results in correct folding of rRNAs,
incorporation of> 50 ribosomal proteins, and their maturation. Deficiencies in ribosome …

Genetic code expansion (GCE) has revolutionized the field of protein chemistry. Over the
past several decades more than 150 different noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) have been …

Eubacterial translation initiation involves assembly of tRNAfMet, mRNA, initiation factors
(IFs) and 30S ribosome in a 30S pre-initiation complex (30S pre-IC), which rearranges and …

The anticodon stem of initiator tRNA (i‐tRNA) possesses the characteristic three consecutive
GC base pairs (G29: C41, G30: C40, and G31: C39 abbreviated as GC/GC/GC or 3GC pairs) …

The fidelity of initiator tRNA (i-tRNA) selection in the ribosomal P-site is a key step in
translation initiation. The highly conserved three consecutive G: C base pairs (3GC pairs) in …

Translation initiation in prokaryotes is mainly defined, although not exclusively, by the
interaction between the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence (antiSD), located at the 3'-terminus …

Initiator tRNAs (i-tRNAs) possess highly conserved three consecutive GC base pairs
(GC/GC/GC, 3GC pairs) in their anticodon stems. Additionally, in bacteria and eukaryotic …