Linear optics with photon counting is a prominent candidate for practical quantum
computing. The protocol by Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [2001, Nature (London) 409, 46] …

Current technology is beginning to allow us to manipulate rather than just observe individual
quantum phenomena. This opens up the possibility of exploiting quantum effects to perform …

A digital computer is generally believed to be an efficient universal computing device; that is,
it is believed to be able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in …

We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates [U (2)] and the two-bit
exclusive-O R gate [that maps Boolean values (x, y) to (x, x⊕ y)] is universal in the sense …

A quantum error-correcting code is defined to be a unitary map** (encoding) of k qubits
(two-state quantum systems) into a subspace of the quantum state space of n qubits such …

Algorithms such as quantum factoring and quantum search illustrate the great theoretical
promise of quantum computers; but the practical implementation of such devices will require …

Quantum computation remains an enormously appealing but elusive goal. It is appealing
because of its potential to perform superfast algorithms, such as finding prime factors in …

Photonics is the platform of choice to build a modular, easy-to-network quantum computer
operating at room temperature. However, no concrete architecture has been presented so …

In this short review article, we aim to provide physicists not working within the quantum
computing community a hopefully easy-to-read introduction to the state of the art in the field …

The concept of the photon, central to Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect, is
exactly 100 years old. Yet, while photons have been detected individually for more than 50 …