Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, secretion, biological
actions, and therapeutic relevance of the incretin peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic …

The efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass (RYGB) and other bariatric surgeries in the
management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and novel developments in …

As the prevalence of diabetes continues to climb, the number of individuals living with
diabetic complications will reach an unprecedented magnitude. The emergence of new …

The preproglucagon gene (Gcg) is expressed by specific enteroendocrine cells (L-cells) of
the intestinal mucosa, pancreatic islet α-cells, and a discrete set of neurons within the …

Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by complex, redundant, and distributed
neural systems that reflect the fundamental biological importance of adequate nutrient …

OBJECTIVE—To examine the mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and challenges
inherent in the use of incretin peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors for the …

A changing environment and lifestyle on the background of evolutionary engraved and
perinatally imprinted physiological response patterns is the foremost explanation for the …

The proglucagon gene (glu) encodes glucagon, expressed in pancreatic islets, and the
insulinotropic hormone GLP-1, expressed in the intestines. These two hormones exert …

OBJECTIVE Intestinal L-cells secrete the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in
response to ingestion of nutrients, especially long-chain fatty acids. The Gαs-coupled …