Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external
environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid …

In arbitrary dimension, in the discrete setting of finite-differences we prove a Carleman
estimate for a semi-discrete parabolic operator, in which the large parameter is connected to …

P4-ATPases comprise a family of P-type ATPases that actively transport or flip phospholipids
across cell membranes. This generates and maintains membrane lipid asymmetry, a …

Bile was recognized by the ancient Greeks as 1 of the 4 humors; its importance is still
recognized in twenty-first century medicine, although maybe only by hepatologists. Bile …

Transporters influence the disposition of chemicals within the body by participating in
absorption, distribution, and elimination. Transporters of the solute carrier family (SLC) …

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) refers to a heterogeneous group of
autosomal-recessive disorders of childhood that disrupt bile formation and present with …

Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow. This condition
could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes, which are responsible for the complex …

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) types 1 and 2 are characterized by
normal serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and are due to mutations in …

Phospholipid flippases in the type IV P-type ATPase family (P4-ATPases) are essential
components of the Golgi, plasma membrane and endosomal system that play critical roles in …

Cells have thousands of different lipids. In the plasma membrane, and in membranes of the
late secretory and endocytotic pathways, these lipids are not evenly distributed over the two …