Any device which senses information such as shape, texture, softness, temperature,
vibration or shear and normal forces, by physical contact or touch, can be termed a tactile …

Robotic surgery is transforming the current surgical practice, not only by improving the
conventional surgical methods but also by introducing innovative robot-enhanced …

This article presents an overview of the current state of research and application of haptic
(primarily kinesthetic) feedback and force-based teleoperation in the context of surgical …

Emerging paradigms furthering the reach of medical technology into human anatomy
present unique modeling, control, and sensing problems. This review provides a brief history …

First used medically in 1985, robots now make an impact in laparoscopy, neurosurgery,
orthopedic surgery, emergency response, and various other medical disciplines. This paper …

Despite its expected clinical benefits, current teleoperated surgical robots do not provide the
surgeon with haptic feedback largely because grounded forces can destabilize the system's …

Needle insertion in soft tissue has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its
application in minimally invasive percutaneous procedures such as biopsies and …

Background Virtual reality (VR) as surgical training tool has become a state-of-the-art
technique in training and teaching skills for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Although …

Haptic perception plays a very important role in surgery. It enables the surgeon to feel
organic tissue hardness, measure tissue properties, evaluate anatomical structures, and …

Teleoperated minimally invasive surgical robots can significantly enhance a surgeon's
accuracy, dexterity and visualization. However, current commercially available systems do …