Core segregation and atmosphere formation are two of the major processes that redistribute
the volatile elements—hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S)—in and around …

OVERVIEW Nearly 30 years after the discovery of the first exoplanet around a main
sequence star, thousands of planets have now been confirmed. These discoveries have …

Tidal heating on Io due to its finite eccentricity was predicted to drive surface volcanic
activity, which was subsequently confirmed by the Voyager spacecraft. Although the volcanic …

High-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) combined with adaptive optics has
been enormously successful in advancing our knowledge of exoplanet atmospheres, from …

TOI-561 is a galactic thick-disk star hosting an ultra-short-period (0.45-day-orbit) planet with
a radius of 1.37 R⊕, making it one of the most metal-poor ([Fe/H]=− 0.41) and oldest (≈ 10 …

The ultra-short-period super-Earth 55 Cancri e has a measured radius of 1.88 Earth radii.
Previous thermal phase curve observations suggest a strong temperature contrast between …

Atmospheres are products of time-integrated mass exchange between the surface of a
planet and its interior. On Earth and other planetary bodies, magma oceans likely marked …

Progressive astronomical characterization of planet-forming disks and rocky exoplanets
highlight the need for increasing interdisciplinary efforts to understand the birth and life cycle …

Long-term magma ocean phases on rocky exoplanets orbiting closer to their star than the
runaway greenhouse threshold—the inner edge of the classical habitable zone—may offer …

Internal redox reactions may irreversibly alter the mantle composition and volatile inventory
of terrestrial and super-Earth exoplanets and affect the prospects for atmospheric …