Background: There have been difficulties in achieving a uniform terminology in the literature
regarding issues of classification with respect to focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) associated …

Animal models have provided invaluable data for identifying the pathogenesis of epileptic
disorders. Clearly, the relevance of these experimental findings would be strengthened by …

Purpose: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) are localized regions of malformed cerebral cortex
and are very frequently associated with epilepsy in both children and adults. A broad …

Since the original description by Taylor, the term focal cortical dysplasia has been used to
refer to a wide range of alterations of the cortical mantle. More recently, these conditions …

Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment in many patients with drug‐resistant focal
epilepsies. An early decision for surgical therapy is facilitated by a magnetic resonance …

In the context of focal and drug-resistant epilepsy, surgical resection of the epileptogenic
zone may be the only therapeutic option for reducing or suppressing seizures. In many such …

Object. Reports of outcomes for surgical treatment of cortical dysplasia associated with
epilepsy are conflicting due to the inclusion of patients with a wide range of malformations of …

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common and important cause of medically intractable
epilepsy. In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and in several animal models …

Neuronal dendritic arborizations and dendritic spines are crucial for a normal synaptic
transmission and may be critically involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Alterations in …

In the mammalian neocortex, the calcium-binding protein calretinin is expressed in a subset
of cortical interneurons. In the recent years, research on interneurons is one of the most …