Drought and cold represent distinct types of abiotic stress, each initiating unique primary
signaling pathways in response to dehydration and temperature changes, respectively …

Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Cold stress and physiological responses in plants III.
Sensing of cold signals in plants IV. Messenger molecules involved in cold signal …

To survive under cold temperatures plants must be able to perceive a cold signal and
transduce it into downstream components that induce appropriate defense mechanisms. In …

Climate change is threatening crop productivity worldwide and new solutions to adapt crops
to these environmental changes are urgently needed. Elevated temperatures driven by …

Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that affect plant metabolism.
Considering that plants are sessile, their survival depends on the efficient activation of …

In field conditions, plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic
stresses resulting in substantial yield loss. Plants have evolved various physiological and …

Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and
proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these …

Agriculture production faces many abiotic stresses, mainly drought, salinity, low and high
temperature. These abiotic stresses inhibit plants' genetic potential, which is the cause of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants as byproducts during many
metabolic reactions, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Oxidative stress occurs when …

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is required for various structural roles in the cell wall
and membranes, it is a counter‐cation for inorganic and organic anions in the vacuole, and …