The constant changes in cancer cell bioenergetics are widely known as metabolic
reprogramming. Reprogramming is a process mediated by multiple factors, including …

In cancerous cells, significant changes occur in the activity of signaling pathways affecting a
wide range of cellular activities ranging from growth and proliferation to apoptosis …

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a critical component of the glycolytic pathway, relates to
the development of various cancers, including thyroid cancer. However, the regulatory …

Recurring evidence suggests that fasting has extensive antitumor effects in various cancers,
including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the underlying mechanism of this …

Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been
described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients …

BRAF is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, with an overall frequency of about
50%. Targeting BRAF and its effector mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) …

Multidrug resistance remains the major obstacle to successful therapy for breast carcinoma.
Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid compound, has been regarded as a potential neoplasm …

Liver cancer and other malignant tumor cells rely on the glycolytic pathway to obtain energy
(ie the Warburg effect); however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Mitochondria are …

Metabolism is a series of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms, providing energy
required for cellular processes and building blocks for cellular constituents of proteins, lipids …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has developed into one of the most lethal, aggressive, and
malignant cancers worldwide. Although HCC treatment has improved in recent years, the …