Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier
experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates …

This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

Endothelium plays a fundamental role in the cardiovascular system, forming an interface
between blood and adjacent tissues by regulating the vascular tone through the synthesis of …

Epidemiological studies have documented that insulin resistance and diabetes not only
constitute metabolic abnormalities but also predispose to hypertension, vascular stiffness …

Exosomes are attractive as nucleic-acid carriers because of their favourable
pharmacokinetic and immunological properties and their ability to penetrate physiological …

Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their
behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known …

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 40–160 nm in diameter that are secreted by
almost all cell types. Exosomes can carry diverse cargo including RNA, DNA, lipids …

Although inflammation plays critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis, its
regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Perivascular adipose tissue …

The leading cause of death in the world, cardiovascular disease (CVD), remains a
formidable condition for researchers, clinicians and patients alike. CVD comprises a broad …