IgGs are essential soluble components of the adaptive immune response that evolved to
protect the body from infection. Compared with other immunoglobulins, the role of IgGs is …

Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the
extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is …

Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T
cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules …

Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G
(IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids …

Of the five immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant in human
serum. The four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, which are highly conserved, differ …

The gut is an efficient barrier which protects against the passage of pathogenic
microorganisms and potential harmful macromolecules into the body, in addition to its …

The cellular uptake, intracellular processing, and presentation of foreign antigen are crucial
processes for eliciting an effective adaptive host response to the majority of pathogens. The …

Mouse and human FcRs have been a major focus of attention not only of the scientific
community, through the cloning and characterization of novel receptors, and of the medical …

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages use various receptors to recognize foreign antigens
and to receive feedback control from adaptive immune cells. Although it was long believed …

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) deficient in DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) contain abundant
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) responding to the abundant neoantigens from …