Gut-microbial butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of significant physiological
importance than the other major SCFAs (acetate and propionate). Most butyrate producers …

Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from
competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants …

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in
which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin
resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis …

Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes and is produced by the gut microbiota
through fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and also …

Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial
pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence …

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation
of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most …

The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a
key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has …

Research about the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a newly emerging
field of study. Gut microbiota modulation, with the aim to reverse established microbial …

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular macromolecules excreted as tightly bound
capsule or loosely attached slime layer in microorganisms. They play most prominent role …