Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a significant limitation to crop production worldwide, as
approximately 50% of the world's potentially arable soil is acidic. Because acid soils are …

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stress problems around the globe where
acidic soil is present. Al shows a toxic effect between the soil pH 4.5 and 5.5. Root growth …

Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources. Since
the elevated CO2 environment predicted for the near future will reduce nitrate utilization by …

Abstract Toxic aluminum ions (Al3+) found in acidic soils are absorbed by plants and interact
with multiple sites during plant development, affecting especially the root growth. The …

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting crop production on acid soils, which represent
over 30% of the world's arable land. Some plants have evolved mechanisms to detoxify Al …

Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable macronutrient required for plant growth and
development. Natural phosphate (Pi) reserves are finite, and a better understanding of Pi …

Environmental pH is a critical parameter for innumerable chemical reactions, myriad
biological processes and all forms of life. The mechanisms that underlie the perception of …

Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are cell wall proteins that inhibit the pectin-
depolymerizing activity of polygalacturonases secreted by microbial pathogens and insects …

Abstract Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) are major inorganic nitrogen (N) sources for
plants. When serving as the sole or dominant N supply, NH4+ often causes root inhibition …

Nitrate distribution in soils is often heterogeneous. Plants have adapted to this by modifying
their root system architecture (RSA). Previous studies showed that NITRATE …