Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

Research conducted over the past several decades has revolutionized our understanding of
the role of the immune system in neural and psychological development and function across …

The diverse collection of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, collectively
called the gut microbiota, profoundly influences many aspects of host physiology, including …

The importance of the gut–brain axis in regulating stress-related responses has long been
appreciated. More recently, the microbiota has emerged as a key player in the control of this …

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the complexity and diversity of the
microorganisms that inhabit our gut (human gastrointestinal microbiota) and health/disease …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of
people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus …

Within the substantially different time scales characterizing human and rodent brain
development, key developmental processes are remarkably preserved. Shared processes …

Hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic brain injuries are leading causes of long-term mortality and
disability in infants and children. Although several preclinical models using rodents of …

Here, we define a psychobiotic as a live organism that, when ingested in adequate amounts,
produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric illness. As a class of probiotic …