Abstract Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia,
sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been …

This study examines the current knowledge of physiological and clinical effects of
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) and presents a rationale for their …

Opioid-induced proinflammatory glial activation modulates wide-ranging aspects of opioid
pharmacology including: opposition of acute and chronic opioid analgesia, opioid analgesic …

Ample research demonstrates that pathophysiological levels of the pro-inflammatory
cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) produces detrimental effects on memory functioning. However …

Chronic pain is a highly prevalent debilitating condition for which treatment options remain
limited for many patients. Ionotropic ATP signalling through excitatory and calcium …

Ample evidence demonstrates that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1),
produced following exposure to immunological and psychological challenges, plays an …

Glial activation participates in the mediation of pain including neuropathic pain, due to
release of neuroexcitatory, proinflammatory products. Glial activation is now known to occur …

This review will introduce the concept of toll‐like receptor (TLR)–mediated glial activation as
central to all of the following: neuropathic pain, compromised acute opioid analgesia, and …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Within the past decade, there has been increasing recognition that glia are far more than
simply “housekeepers” for neurons. This review explores two recently recognized roles of …