The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a
burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism …

Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major
impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress …

Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are
the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope …

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the
most vulnerable to biodiversity loss. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Astrocytes serve important roles that affect recruitment and function of neurons at the local
and network levels. Here we review the contributions of astrocyte signaling to synaptic …

Executive Summary The IPCC Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report
addresses the challenges of climate action in the context of sustainable development with a …

Lactate in the brain has long been associated with ischaemia; however, more recent
evidence shows that it can be found there under physiological conditions. In the brain …

Astrocytes respond to neuronal activity and were shown to be necessary for plasticity and
memory. To test whether astrocytic activity is also sufficient to generate synaptic potentiation …