Operated since the end of 2009, the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and
Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission is the first orbiting radiometer that collects regular …

Using over 1.6 million profiles of salinity, potential temperature, and neutral density from
historical archives and the international Argo Program, this study develops the three …

Trends in observed sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature are analyzed for the tropical
Pacific during 1955–2003. Since 1955, the western Pacific Warm Pool has significantly …

The Amazon River Plume spreads across the tropical North Atlantic creating a barrier to
vertical mixing. Here using a 1/6° HYCOM model and data from three research cruises in …

Abstract Changes in the global water cycle are expected as a result of anthropogenic
climate change, but large uncertainties exist in how these changes will be manifest …

The relative importance of remote and local influences in the development of Benguela
Niños is examined using observations and a coupled general circulation model capable of …

This paper investigates mechanisms controlling the mixed-layer salinity (MLS) in the tropical
Pacific during 1990–2009. We use monthly 1°× 1° gridded observations of salinity …

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a major ocean circulation component and indicator of the
hydrological cycle. Here we investigate an unprecedented Atlantic SSS compilation from …

Coastal communities around the Caribbean Sea are vulnerable to global warming impacts,
partly because of constraints on their adaptive capacity. We use three climate models …

The ocean–atmosphere exchanges of heat, water, and momentum are key elements of the
global climate system. The processes controlling these exchanges, methods by which they …