In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of
intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity …

In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the
ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This …

Plants are essential for life and are extremely diverse organisms with unique molecular
capabilities. Here we present a quantitative atlas of the transcriptomes, proteomes and …

Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm (polyspermy) leads to lethal genome imbalance
and chromosome segregation defects. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the block to polyspermy is …

Introducing asexual reproduction through seeds–apomixis–into crop species could
revolutionize agriculture by allowing F1 hybrids with enhanced yield and stability to be …

Arabidopsis mutants produced by constitutive overexpression of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome
editing system are usually mosaics in the T1 generation. In this study, we used egg cell …

Apomixis, the clonal formation of seeds, is a rare yet widely distributed trait in flowering
plants. We have isolated the PARTHENOGENESIS (PAR) gene from apomictic dandelion …

Genome editing using CRISPR–Cas9 works efficiently in plant cells, but delivery of genome-
editing machinery into the vast majority of crop varieties is not possible using established …

Abnormal high temperature (HT) caused by global warming threatens plant survival and
food security, but the effects of HT on plant organ identity are elusive. Here, we show that …

Compared with the animal kingdom, fertilization is particularly complex in flowering plants
(angiosperms). Sperm cells of angiosperms have lost their motility and require transportation …