The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a microvascular network responsible for excluding
most drugs from the brain. Treatment of brain tumors is limited by the impermeability of the …

Rapid growth in nanotechnology toward the development of nanomedicine agents holds
massive promise to improve therapeutic approaches against cancer. Nanomedicine …

Abstract Development of drug‐delivery systems that selectively target neoplastic cells has
been a major goal of nanomedicine. One major strategy for achieving this milestone is to …

Cancer has been one of the major threats to the lives of human beings for centuries.(1)
Current cancer therapies mainly include surgery, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies …

In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released an important report entitled
“Innovation/Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical …

Cancer accounted for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) worldwide in 2008.(1)
Almost 13 million cancer cases are newly diagnosed every year, and deaths are projected to …

Nano-and microparticles have increasingly widespread applications in nanomedicine,
ranging from drug delivery to imaging. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) particles are the …

Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step treatment involving the
administration of a photosensitive agent followed by its activation at a specific light …

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared dye that has been used in the clinic for retinal
angiography, and defining cardiovascular and liver function for over 50 years. Recently …

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficacy and
reduce the systemic toxicity of a wide range of drugs. Although clinically approved …