Pain represents a common symptom of several diseases and is often associated with a
reduction in rehabilitation outcomes and recovery. The effectiveness of pain alleviation by …

Spasticity is a common neuromuscular abnormality following upper motor neuron lesions.
Conventionally, spasticity is assessed through manual clinical scales, which have limitations …

Background The pendulum test is a quantitative method used to assess knee extensor
spasticity in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Yet, the clinical implementation of this …

Assessment of muscle tone in a clinical setting is important for the physiotherapist to better
analyse and establish appropriate treatments for CNS disorders. This study aims to review …

In neurorehabilitation, assessment of functional problems is essential to define optimal
rehabilitation treatments. Usually, this assessment process requires distinguishing between …

Introduction: Robot-assisted neurorehabilitation is becoming an established method to
complement conventional therapy after stroke and provide intensive therapy regimes in …

In the last decade there has been incredible interest and advancement in the surgical care
of adult patients with upper motor neuron (UMN) injuries. Spasticity represents a prevalent …

Limb spasticity is caused by stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and various
central nervous system pathologies such as brain tumors resulting in joint stiffness, loss of …

Reaching movements are essential for daily tasks and they have been widely investigated
through kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic (EMG) analyses. Recent studies have …

Hand exoskeletons offer promising solutions for hand function rehabilitation. Despite
considerable research on novel exoskeleton technologies and the commercial availability of …