Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is associated with an increased
risk of develo** type 2 diabetes. It is now commonly accepted that chronic inflammation …

There is increasing evidence showing that chronic inflammation is an important pathogenic
mediator of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is now generally accepted that …

Insulin resistance is a key pathological feature of type 2 diabetes and is characterized by
defects in signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) protein tyrosine kinase. The inhibition of …

One of the major mechanisms of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance (IR)
which can induce free fatty acids like palmitate. In hepatic cell, as an insulin target tissue …

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a critical negative modulator of insulin signaling
and has attracted considerable attention in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low …

Aims/hypothesis Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been recognised as a common
pathway in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Protein tyrosine …

We investigated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on palmitate-induced insulin
resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes. Palmitate-reduced glucose uptake was …

In vertebrates, the initial step in heme biosynthesis is the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid
(ALA) by ALA synthase (ALAS). ALA formation is believed to be the rate-limiting step for …

Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which accompanied by
lipid accumulation and TNF-α overexpression in skeletal muscle. The role of TNF-α in …

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of the insulin signaling
pathway and is considered a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes …