Online toxic discourses could result in conflicts between groups or harm to online
communities. Hate speech is complex and multifaceted harmful or offensive content …

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group
mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance …

The pervasiveness of abusive content on the internet can lead to severe psychological and
physical harm. Significant effort in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has been …

Hate speech detection has gained increasing attention with the growing prevalence of
hateful contents. When a text contains an obvious hate word or expression, it is fairly easy to …

The research carried out so far in detecting abusive content in social media has primarily
focused on overt forms of hate speech. While explicit hate speech (HS) is more easily …

The exponential growth of social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook has
revolutionized textual communication and textual content publication in human society …

Social networks and other digital media deal with huge amounts of user-generated contents
where hate speech has become a problematic more and more relevant. A great effort has …

The social media is one of the significantdigital platforms that create a huge im-pact in
peoples of all levels. The commentsposted on social media is powerful enoughto even …

While social media offers freedom of self-expression, abusive language carry significant
negative social impact. Driven by the importance of the issue, research in the automated …

The analysis and detection of offensive content in textual information have become a great
challenge for the Natural Language Processing community. Most of the research conducted …