Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, and is closely associated
with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism and the tumor immune response. All these …

B lymphocytes are essential mediators of humoral immunity and play multiple roles in
human cancer. To decode the functions of tumor-infiltrating B cells, we generated a B cell …

The growing field of immune metabolism has revealed promising indications for metabolic
targets to modulate anti-cancer immunity. Combination therapies involving metabolic …

Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

B cells and the antibodies they produce have a deeply penetrating influence on human
physiology. Here, we review current understanding of how B cell responses are initiated; the …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth
factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K …

Choices have consequences. Immune cells survey and migrate throughout the body and
sometimes take residence in niche environments with distinct communities of cells …

Immunological niches are focal sites of immune activity that can have varying
microenvironmental features. Hypoxia is a feature of physiological and pathological …