Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine that was developed in the 1960s, is an anesthetic
and analgesic with hallucinogenic effects. In this paper, the pharmacological and …

Status epilepticus (SE) or prolonged epileptic seizure activity is a common neurological
emergency with a high mortality rate and, if left untreated, can lead to irreversible cerebral …

OBJECTIVE Retrospective clinical data and case studies support a therapeutic effect of
ketamine in suppression of spreading depolarization (SD) following brain injury. Preclinical …

Introduction: Over the past decade, ketamine has been studied for major depressive
disorder and bipolar depression. Ketamine is believed to exert its antidepressant properties …

Background The intranasal (IN) route for rapid drug administration in patients with brain
disorders, including status epilepticus, has been investigated. Status epilepticus is an …

Objective The aim was to compare efficacy and side effects of induction with medetomidine–
ketamine or medetomidine–S (+)-ketamine by intranasal (IN) instillation in rabbits and to …

Ketamine is often used for anesthesia in veterinary medicine. One possible comedication is
the sedative α 2-agonist medetomidine. Advantages of that combination are the …

In 2019, intranasal esketamine gained approval as a promising therapy for those individuals
grappling with treatment-resistant depression. Both clinical trials and real-world studies have …

Objective To determine the potency ratio between S-ketamine and racemic ketamine as
inductive agents for achieving tracheal intubation in dogs. Study design Prospective …

Background Intravenous anaesthetic drugs are the primary means for producing general
anaesthesia in equine practice. The ideal drug for intravenous anaesthesia has high …