Microbes were the only form of life on Earth for most of its history, and they still account for
the vast majority of life's diversity. They convert rocks to soil, produce much of the oxygen we …

Stony corals, the engines and engineers of reef ecosystems, face unprecedented threats
from anthropogenic environmental change. Corals are holobionts that comprise the …

RNA sequencing approaches, including metagenomics, has led to the discovery of a
multitude of uncultivated virus genome sequences 1–12. These sequences improve our …

Most emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases stem from viruses that naturally
circulate in non-human vertebrates. When these viruses cross over into humans, they can …

The taxonomy of viruses is developed and overseen by the International Committee on
Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which scrutinizes, approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals …

Nearly all organisms are hosts to multiple viruses that collectively appear to be the most
abundant biological entities in the biosphere. With recent advances in metagenomics and …

Over the past few decades, the interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been steadily
growing. This is mainly due to their industrial use, their health benefits as probiotic bacteria …

The official classification of newly discovered or long-known unassigned viruses by the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) requires the deposition of coding …

Large DNA viruses in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota, sometimes referred to as “giant
viruses” owing to their large genomes and virions, have been the subject of burgeoning …

Viruses are core components of the human microbiome, impacting health through
interactions with gut bacteria and the immune system. Most human microbiome viruses are …