A growing body of evidence suggests that mechanical signals emanating from the cell's
microenvironment are fundamental regulators of cell behaviour. Moreover, at the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in mammals include c-Jun NH 2-terminal
kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These enzymes …

Since their discovery in the 1980s and 1990s, the human protein lysine acetyltransferase
encoded by the paralogous p300 and CBP genes has received much interest. p300/CBP …

Organ size is controlled by the concerted action of biochemical and physical processes.
Although mechanical forces are known to regulate cell and tissue behavior, as well as …

By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a
central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in …

This review focuses on structure and functions of spectrin as a major component of the
membrane skeleton. Recent advances on spectrin function as an interface for signal …

The prion glycoprotein (PrPC) is mostly located at the cell surface, tethered to the plasma
membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatydil inositol (GPI) anchor. Misfolding of PrPC is …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by several stimuli and
transduce the signal inside cells, generating diverse responses including cell proliferation …

According to the Chinese yin-yang concept, seemingly opposing forces give rise and
respond to each other. Opposing forces, whether passive or active, are also at work when …

AP1 (jun/fos) transcription factors (c-jun, junB, junD, c-fos, FosB, Fra-1, and Fra-2) are key
regulators of epidermal keratinocyte survival and differentiation and important drivers of …