This article aims to analyse decisions about international entry modes from the stakeholder
perspective, delving into different configurations of governance modes. A quantitative …

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in
previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore …

Royalty rates are an essential contractual provision to reduce the risk of opportunism in
franchising partnerships, many of which are international. However, extant research …

International entry research rarely examines strategies affecting entry performance in a
target country, largely due to data limitations in the traditional multinational enterprise …

Franchisor's risk perceptions influence their decisions about the development and continuity
of their relationships with franchisees. Although control systems are essential for risk …

We examine the impact of host-country institutions on subsidiary location decisions made by
European multinational companies (MNCs) across 144 countries. Our analyses occur at the …

Purpose This paper aims to determine new-normal uncertainty considerations stemming
from the COVID-19 pandemic to consider within transaction-cost analysis for …

Annual sales revenue is one of the most critical indicators of franchise performance not only
for the business stakeholders but also for prospective franchisees who are exploring their …

Abstract Transaction Cost Economics has been used in the healthcare context to discuss the
make-or-buy dichotomy, focusing on minimizing production or governance costs …

Correctly responding to the arrival of unexpected innovative events can help members of the
franchise system rationally formulate their operational strategies and cooperative alliance …