Since the discovery of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as an important pivot for
cytosolic DNA sensation and interferon (IFN) induction, intensive efforts have been …

Type I interferons (IFNs)(IFN-α, IFN-β) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ) share many properties,
including induction by viral infection, activation of shared signaling pathways, and …

Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral
infection. Despite the existence of at least 20 IFNs, there are only three known cell surface …

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus from the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted to
humans by mosquito vectors and represents an important health problem. Infections in …

The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a major global health threat.
Epidemiological studies suggest that bats (Rhinolophus affinis) are the natural zoonotic …

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has emerged as a global health
threat because of its potential to generate explosive epidemics and ability to cause …

Summary 2′, 3′-cGAMP, produced by the DNA sensor cGAS, activates stimulator of
interferon genes (STING) and triggers immune response during infection. Tremendous effort …

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) viruses comprise many (re-) emerging
human pathogens that pose a public health problem. Our innate immune system and, in …

The Flavivirus genus consists of> 70 members including several that are considered
significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be …

The first line of host defense against infectious agents involves activation of innate immune
signaling pathways that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns …