In this paper, we review the generation of vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum
in the microwave domain. We firstly present the theory of Laguerre–Gaussian beams where …

In recent years, metamaterials and metasurfaces have prospered in many fields of “science
and technology,” covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Metasurface devices …

Artificially engineered metasurfaces provide extraordinary wave control at the
subwavelength scale. However, metasurfaces proposed so far suffer due to limited …

Traditional methods of generating vortex beams based on metasurfaces consist mainly in
modulating propagation phase or geometric phase. Here, by introducing detour phase, we …

Geometric metasurfaces primarily follow the physical mechanism of Pancharatnam–Berry
(PB) phases, empowering wavefront control of cross‐polarized reflective/transmissive light …

Metasurfaces have been extensively studied for generating electromagnetic waves carrying
orbital angular momentum (OAM). In particular, programmable metasurfaces enable real …

The recent development of metasurfaces offers a unique technique for the arbitrary control of
electromagnetic waves by spatially manipulating their amplitudes and phases. However …

Programmable metasurfaces enable fine‐grained real‐time modulation over
electromagnetic (EM) waves in a digital manner, which have gained remarkable attention in …

In view of the fact that most invisibility devices focus on linear polarization cloaking and that
the characteristics of mid-infrared cloaking are rarely studied, we propose a cross-circularly …

Active metasurfaces incorporated with active elements can achieve tunable and/or
reconfigurable functionalities controlled by external stimuli, providing a new platform that …