Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Breast cancer heterogeneity determines cancer progression, treatment effects, and
prognosis. However, the precise mechanism for this heterogeneity remains unknown owing …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This
heterogeneous disease can be classified into four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer, is defined as lacking
estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor …

The development of immunotherapy agents has revolutionized the field of oncology. The
only FDA-approved immunotherapeutic approach in breast cancer consists of immune …

Patients with breast tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone
receptor, nor Her-2/neu are hence termed “triple negatives”, and generally have a poor …

Abstract Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast
cancer that lacks the expression of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and human …

Many new therapies are currently being used to treat cancer. Among these new methods,
chemotherapy based on peptides has been of great interest due to the unique advantages …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype of breast cancer with the poorest
outcomes, and is associated with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. The treatment …

Peptide-based materials hold great promise as immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment
of many malignant cancers. Extensive studies have focused on the development of peptide …