The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both human embryonic
stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells, has opened up novel paths for a wide …

Engineering functional human cardiac tissue that mimics the native adult morphological and
functional phenotype has been a long held objective. In the last 5 years, the field of cardiac …

How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle?
What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of …

Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that
consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and …

In the cardiomyocyte, CaMKII has been identified as a nodal influencer of excitation–
contraction and also excitation–transcription coupling. Its activity can be regulated in …

The transverse tubules (t-tubules) of mammalian cardiac ventricular myocytes are
invaginations of the surface membrane. Recent studies have suggested that the structure …

Junctophilins (JPHs) comprise a family of structural proteins that connect the plasma
membrane to intracellular organelles such as the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) …

The transition from juvenile to adult life is accompanied by programmed remodeling in many
tissues and organs, which is key for organisms to adapt to the demand of the environment …

Objectives: During cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, Ca2+ release from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) occurs at the junctional complex with the T-tubules, containing …

The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-release
channel which is centrally involved in the myocyte excitation–contraction (E–C) coupling …