Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B: Insights into Pathogenic Properties and Extraintestinal Effects

S Di Bella, P Ascenzi, S Siarakas, N Petrosillo… - Toxins, 2016 - mdpi.com
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has significant clinical impact especially on the elderly
and/or immunocompromised patients. The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile is mainly …

The “beauty in the beast”—the multiple uses of Priestia megaterium in biotechnology

R Biedendieck, T Knuuti, SJ Moore, D Jahn - Applied microbiology and …, 2021 - Springer
Over 30 years, the Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium (previously known as
Bacillus megaterium) was systematically developed for biotechnological applications …

Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasome

H Xu, J Yang, W Gao, L Li, P Li, L Zhang, YN Gong… - Nature, 2014 - nature.com
Cytosolic inflammasome complexes mediated by a pattern recognition receptor (PRR)
defend against pathogen infection by activating caspase 1. Pyrin, a candidate PRR, can …

Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B

L Tao, J Zhang, P Meraner, A Tovaglieri, X Wu… - Nature, 2016 - nature.com
Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) is a critical virulence factor that causes diseases
associated with C. difficile infection. Here we carried out CRISPR–Cas9-mediated genome …

Rapid acquisition and model-based analysis of cell-free transcription–translation reactions from nonmodel bacteria

SJ Moore, JT MacDonald, S Wienecke… - Proceedings of the …, 2018 - National Acad Sciences
Native cell-free transcription–translation systems offer a rapid route to characterize the
regulatory elements (promoters, transcription factors) for gene expression from nonmodel …

Structural basis for CSPG4 as a receptor for TcdB and a therapeutic target in Clostridioides difficile infection

P Chen, JI Zeng, Z Liu, H Thaker, S Wang… - Nature …, 2021 - nature.com
C. difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal infections. Two C. difficile
exotoxins (TcdA and TcdB) are major virulence factors associated with these infections, and …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 functions as the cellular receptor for Clostridium difficile toxin B

P Yuan, H Zhang, C Cai, S Zhu, Y Zhou, X Yang, R He… - Cell research, 2015 - nature.com
As a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus, Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is
responsible for severe and fatal pseudomembranous colitis, and poses the most urgent …

A probiotic yeast-based immunotherapy against Clostridioides difficile infection

K Chen, Y Zhu, Y Zhang, T Hamza, H Yu… - Science translational …, 2020 - science.org
Antibiotic-resistant Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that
colonizes the colon and is responsible for more than 29,000 deaths in the United States …

Structural basis for recognition of frizzled proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B

P Chen, L Tao, T Wang, J Zhang, A He, K Lam, Z Liu… - Science, 2018 - science.org
Clostridium difficile infection is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in
developed countries. The major virulence factor, C. difficile toxin B (TcdB), targets colonic …

Clostridium difficile toxin–induced inflammation and intestinal injury are mediated by the inflammasome

J Ng, SA Hirota, O Gross, Y Li, A Ulke–Lemee… - Gastroenterology, 2010 - Elsevier
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Clostridium difficile–associated disease (CDAD) is the leading
cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the United States. C difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB breach …