A fundamental change has been achieved in understanding surface electrochemistry due to
the profound knowledge of the nature of electrocatalytic processes accumulated over the …

Transition metal borides, carbides, pnictides, and chalcogenides (X-ides) have emerged as
a class of materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Because of their high earth …

The sluggish nature of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the expensive
price of the precious metal-based nanocatalysts are the biggest obstacles to the practical …

The rising global energy demand and environmental impact of traditional energy resources
pose serious challenges to human health, energy security, and environmental protection.(1 …

Increasing energy demands and environment awareness have promoted extensive
research on the development of alternative energy conversion and storage technologies …

Develo** highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key to the
fabrication of commercially viable fuel cell devices and metal–air batteries for future energy …

Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts have been unanimously considered the most efficient catalysts
for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important electrode reaction for energy storage
and conversion devices based on oxygen electrocatalysis. This paper introduces the …

Metal-air batteries (MABs) and fuel cells (FCs) critically rely on electrocatalytic O 2 activation,
and O 2 reduction reaction (ORR), with noble metal-free materials. However, the inception of …

Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable
electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density …