Transition metal borides, carbides, pnictides, and chalcogenides (X-ides) have emerged as
a class of materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Because of their high earth …

Metal-air batteries (MABs) and fuel cells (FCs) critically rely on electrocatalytic O 2 activation,
and O 2 reduction reaction (ORR), with noble metal-free materials. However, the inception of …

The sluggish nature of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the expensive
price of the precious metal-based nanocatalysts are the biggest obstacles to the practical …

Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts have been unanimously considered the most efficient catalysts
for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) …

Fuel cells are highly attractive for direct chemical‐to‐electrical energy conversion and
represent the ultimate mobile power supply solution. However, presently, fuel cells are …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a core reaction for electrochemical energy
technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR catalysts have been limited to …

Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable
electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density …

Low-dimensional materials and their hybrids have emerged as promising candidates for
electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and CO2 conversion into useful …

The development of highly efficient, low-cost and robust electrocatalysts for water splitting is
urgently necessary to approach the energy crisis and environmental problems. In recent …

For many regenerative electrochemical energy‐conversion systems, hybrid electrocatalysts
comprising transition metal (TM) oxides and heteroatom‐doped (eg, nitrogen‐doped) …