Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use
disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk …

OBJECTIVE: Stimulant medications are effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder, but concerns remain about their effects on growth. METHOD: We provide a …

The term “Epigenetics” refers to DNA and chromatin modifications that persist from one cell
division to the next, despite a lack of change in the underlying DNA sequence. The …

Intact synaptic homeostasis is a fundamental prerequisite for a healthy brain. Thus, it is not
surprising that altered synaptic morphology and function are involved in the molecular …

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable
neuropsychiatric disorder. In the present study, the authors investigated the presence of …

Antidepressant medications are commonly used in males of reproductive age for long‐term
treatment of depression, as well as other disorders. Although antidepressants are known to …

Exposure to psychostimulants, including both abused and therapeutic drugs, can occur first
during human adolescence. Animal modeling is useful not only to reproduce adolescent …

Genome‐wide association (GWA) can elucidate molecular genetic bases for human
individual differences in complex phenotypes that include vulnerability to addiction. Here …

Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD),
Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different …

Several diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) have shown a delay in brain white matter (WM) development. Because these …