Dispersal costs can be classified into energetic, time, risk and opportunity costs and may be
levied directly or deferred during departure, transfer and settlement. They may equally be …

Seed dispersal by animals is a complex phenomenon, characterized by multiple
mechanisms and variable outcomes. Most researchers approach this complexity by …

We tested whether and how functional composition changes with succession in dry
deciduous and wet evergreen forests of Mexico. We hypothesized that compositional …

The Neotropics have many plant species that seem to be adapted for seed dispersal by
megafauna that went extinct in the late Pleistocene. Given the crucial importance of seed …

Global plant trait studies have revealed fundamental trade-offs in plant resource economics.
We evaluated such trait trade-offs during secondary succession in two species-rich tropical …

This chapter summarizes research on seed dispersal vectors (water, wind and animals), and
the factors (including seed size and chemical composition, and plant habit) that determine …

Consistent individual tendencies in behaviour, or behavioural types, are likely to impact the
dynamics and outcomes of animal‐mediated seed dispersal. We review the extant literature …

The aim of animal reintroductions has mainly been species recovery; only few reintroduction
initiatives focus on ecosystem restoration. Therefore, reintroduction consequences on …

The predator satiation and predator dispersal hypotheses provide alternative explanations
for masting. Both assume satiation of seed-eating vertebrates. They differ in whether …

Numerous interactions between plants and animals vary in their outcome between
antagonism and mutualism. Interactions between plants and scatter‐hoarding animals …