Climate change has critical adverse impacts on human society and poses severe
challenges to global sustainable development. Information on essential climate variables …

With the availability of petabytes of oceanographic observations and numerical model
simulations, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being increasingly leveraged in a variety of …

During the melting season, predicting the daily sea ice concentration (SIC) of the Pan-Arctic
at a subseasonal scale is strongly required for economic activities and a challenging task for …

Mesoscale eddies are circular water currents found widely in the ocean and significantly
impact the ocean's circulation, water distribution, and biology. However, our comprehension …

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential physical parameter and plays a vital role in
ocean-atmosphere interactions. Accurate SST prediction relies on numerical model …

Extracting balanced geostrophic motions (BM) from sea surface height (SSH) observations
obtained by wide‐swath altimetry holds great significance in enhancing our understanding …

Oceanic mesoscale cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddies usually have cold (warm) cores and
counterclockwise (clockwise) flow fields in the Northern Hemisphere. However,“abnormal” …

Oceanic eddies have a non-negligible impact on ocean energy transfer, nutrient distribution,
and biological migration in global oceans. The fine detection of oceanic eddies is significant …

The global ocean is the largest ecosystem on our planet, the scientific understanding of
which is the first step towards the sustainable development of the perpetual ocean. With the …

Oceanic eddies are recognized as pivotal components in marine ecosystems, believed to
concentrate a wide range of marine life spanning from phytoplankton to top predators …