Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from
renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases …

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present
in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid
bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing …

In light of a global rise in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and
obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade therapies (ICBT) have increasing
importance in patient survival and prognosis because it enhances immune cell activation by …

Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various
cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a …

Exosomes, the extracellular vesicles produced in the endosomal compartments, facilitate the
transportation of proteins as well as nucleic acids. Epigenetic modifications are now …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of myeloid hematopoietic cells,
which is characterized by the aberrant clonal proliferation of immature myeloblasts and …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents an extremely challenging disease in terms of both
diagnosis and treatment. It poses a significant threat to human health, with incidence rates …

Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent solid tumor in pediatrics, which
accounts for roughly 15% of cancer-related mortality in children. NB exhibited genetic …