A life history perspective on athletes with low energy availability

MK Shirley, DP Longman, KJ Elliott-Sale, AC Hackney… - Sports Medicine, 2022‏ - Springer
The energy costs of athletic training can be substantial, and deficits arising from costs unmet
by adequate energy intake, leading to a state of low energy availability, may adversely …

Aspects of human physical and behavioural evolution during the last 1 million years

J Galway‐Witham, J Cole… - Journal of Quaternary …, 2019‏ - Wiley Online Library
This paper reviews some of the main advances in our understanding of human evolution
over the last 1 million years, presenting a holistic overview of a field defined by …

Energetics and the evolution of human brain size

A Navarrete, CP Van Schaik, K Isler - Nature, 2011‏ - nature.com
The human brain stands out among mammals by being unusually large. The expensive-
tissue hypothesis explains its evolution by proposing a trade-off between the size of the …

Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain

AS Voloshina, AD Kuo, MA Daley… - Journal of …, 2013‏ - journals.biologists.com
Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but
the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible …

Upright human gait did not provide a major mechanical challenge for our ancestors

HM Maus, SW Lipfert, M Gross, J Rummel… - Nature …, 2010‏ - nature.com
Habitual bipedalism is considered as a major breakthrough in human evolution and is the
defining feature of hominins. Upright posture is presumably less stable than quadrupedal …

A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans, with implications for the evolution of childbirth

AG Warrener, KL Lewton, H Pontzer, DE Lieberman - PloS one, 2015‏ - journals.plos.org
The shape of the human female pelvis is thought to reflect an evolutionary trade-off between
two competing demands: a pelvis wide enough to permit the birth of large-brained infants …

Laetoli footprints preserve earliest direct evidence of human-like bipedal biomechanics

DA Raichlen, AD Gordon, WEH Harcourt-Smith… - PloS one, 2010‏ - journals.plos.org
Background Debates over the evolution of hominin bipedalism, a defining human
characteristic, revolve around whether early bipeds walked more like humans, with …

Calcaneus length determines running economy: implications for endurance running performance in modern humans and Neandertals

DA Raichlen, H Armstrong, DE Lieberman - Journal of human evolution, 2011‏ - Elsevier
The endurance running (ER) hypothesis suggests that distance running played an important
role in the evolution of the genus Homo. Most researchers have focused on ER performance …

Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins

H Pontzer, C Rolian, GP Rightmire, T Jashashvili… - Journal of human …, 2010‏ - Elsevier
The Dmanisi hominins inhabited a northern temperate habitat in the southern Caucasus,
approximately 1.8 million years ago. This is the oldest population of hominins known outside …

Ecological Energetics in Early Homo

H Pontzer - Current Anthropology, 2012‏ - journals.uchicago.edu
Models for the origin of the genus Homo propose that increased quality of diet led to
changes in ranging ecology and selection for greater locomotor economy, speed, and …