UV radiation (UV) is classified as a “complete carcinogen” because it is both a mutagen and
a non-specific damaging agent and has properties of both a tumor initiator and a tumor …

Controlling unwanted hyperpigmentation is a major challenge in dermatology and
cosmetology, and safe and efficacious antimelanogenic agents are deemed useful for this …

During the past decade, melanins and melanogenesis have attracted growing interest for a
broad range of biomedical and technological applications. The burst of polydopamine …

Activating mutations in BRAF are the most common genetic alterations in melanoma.
Inhibition of BRAF by small molecules leads to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. We show …

Skin aging is induced and sustained by chronological aging and photoaging. Aging skin
pigmentation such as mottled pigmentation (senile lentigo) and melasma are typical signs of …

Being the largest and most visible organ of the body and heavily influenced by
environmental factors, skin is ideal to study the long-term effects of aging. Throughout our …

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that
regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic …

Human skin is repeatedly exposed to UVR that influences the function and survival of many
cell types and is regarded as the main causative factor in the induction of skin cancer. It has …

People with pale skin, red hair, freckles and an inability to tan—the 'red hair/fair
skin'phenotype—are at highest risk of develo** melanoma, compared to all other …

In the light of substantial discoveries in epithelial and hair pigmentation pathophysiology,
this review summarizes the current understanding of skin pigmentation mechanisms …